Background: Weaning failure from mechanical ventilation remains a major challenge in intensive care. Nutritional and biochemical parameters may serve as objective predictors. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane was performed. Studies reporting biochemical or nutritional markers in relation to weaning outcomes were included. Results: Pooled analysis showed significant association of serum albumin, prealbumin, phosphate, magnesium, and NRS-2002 scores with weaning failure. Conclusions: Biochemical and nutritional screening should be integrated into pre-weaning assessment protocols.

Objective: To compare the effect of homatropine 2% and tropicamide 1% on anterior segment parameters including anterior chamber depth, angle, and pupil diameter using AS-OCT and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: Both agents produced significant mydriasis; tropicamide offered faster onset while homatropine produced longer duration with greater cycloplegia. Conclusions: Choice of mydriatic should be individualized based on clinical requirement.

COPD is a heterogeneous disease with overlapping phenotypes including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). In the Indian context, biomass fuel exposure and indoor air pollution add distinct phenotypic dimensions. This review synthesises evidence on phenotype-specific management strategies, comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, anxiety, depression, and osteoporosis, and their impact on outcomes.

We report a rare case of MRKH syndrome presenting as the complete triad of uterovaginal aplasia, unilateral renal agenesis, and cervical vertebral anomaly in a 19-year-old female presenting with primary amenorrhoea. The diagnostic workup, multidisciplinary management, and psychological support are discussed with review of literature.

Objective: To establish normative morphometric data for lumbar vertebrae in the North Indian population for safe pedicle screw placement. Methods: 60 cadaveric lumbar spines (L1–L5) were studied. Pedicle width, height, transverse angle, and laminar dimensions were measured using Vernier calipers. Results: Mean pedicle width was significantly smaller at L1-L2 compared to Western data, with implications for screw sizing in Indian patients.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroidectomy remains a significant surgical complication. This prospective study evaluated 148 patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Unilateral vocal cord palsy was documented by post-operative laryngoscopy. Intraoperative nerve monitoring correlated with outcomes. Recovery rates at 6 months and predictors of permanent palsy are reported.